1990s
Context: Social, Political, Cultural, Economic
Dr. Jordana Moore Saggese, Identity Politics: From the Margins to the Mainstream, in Smarthistory, August 9, 2015
Seminal Events
Mapplethorpe Exhibition Trial, Cincinnati, News Five, 1990
Barbara Gamarekian, Corcoran, to Foil Dispute, Drops Mapplethorpe Show, June, 1989
What is the Black Atlantic? Tate
Based on Paul Gilroy's 1993 book, The Black Atlantic: Modernity & Double Consciousness
Based on Paul Gilroy's 1993 book, The Black Atlantic: Modernity & Double Consciousness
Richard Woodward, The Disturbing Photography of Sally Mann, New York Times Magazine, September 27, 1992
Sally Mann, Sally Mann's Exposure, New York Times, April 16, 2016
Sally Mann | American b. 1951
Sally Mann, Jesse Bites, 1985
Sally Mann, Immediate Family, c. 1985-90
Sally Mann: The Two Virginias, 2014 Art21
Felix Gonzalez-Torres
b. Cuba 1957
d. Miama 1996
b. Cuba 1957
d. Miama 1996
Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled (Public Opinion), black rod licorice individually wrapped in cellophane, endless supply, ideal weight 700lbs., 1991
The Body, Actions and Memory
The Body, Actions and Memory
Ann Hamilton | American b. 1956
Ann Hamilton, Aleph, video, 1992/93
Ann Hamilton, Aleph, video, 1992/93
Ann Hamilton, The Event of a Thread, 2012, Art21
Gabriel Orozco | b. Mexico 1962
Gabriel Orozco, Dining Room in Tepoztlan, silver dye bleach print, 1995
START AT 21 MINUTESGabriel Orozco, Loss and Desire, 2003 Art21
Janine Antoni | b. 1964 The Bahamas
Janine Antoni, Mom & Dad, 1994
Janine Antoni, "On Touch", 2003 Art21
Mona Hatoum, British b. Beirut 1952
Ali Smith, 'Never take anything for what it appears to be', Tate, 2016Mona Hatoum, Hot Spot III, 2009
Mona Hatoum: 'Nothing Is a Finished Project', TateShots, 2016
more on Mona Hatoum
Mona Hatoum, Centre Pompidou/Kiasma, 2016
Mona Hatoum, Pretense, Tate, 1996
Shirin Neshat American b. Qazvin, Iran 1957
Shirin Neshat, Rebellious Silence, Women of Allah series, 1994, black and white RC print and ink, photo by Cynthia Preston ©Shirin Neshat (courtesy Barbara Gladstone Gallery, New York and Brussels)
Shirin Neshat, Turbulent, two screen video installation, 1998
Kelly Grovier, Shirin Neshat: a stare that challenges us to look away, 2019
Black Narratives
Black Narratives
Ekow Eshun, What is the Black Atlantic? The Tate, 2022 after Paul Gilroy's 1993 book: The Black Atlantic: Modernity & Double Consciousness
A Tribe Called Quest, Can I Kick It, People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths, 1990
Warren G. (feat. Nate Dogg), Regulate, G Funk, 1994
Official Music Video for The Notorious B.I.G. featuring Mase & Puff Daddy, "Mo Money Mo Problems" from album "Life After Death", 1997 Director: Hype Williams
Nick Cave, American b. 1959
Nick Cave on his first Soundsuit, 1992 (Smithsonian American Art Museum, 2018)
Nick Cave
Megan O'Grady, Nick Cave, "The Greats", New York Times, October 2019
Lorna Simpson, American b. 1960
Lorna Simpson, Five Day Forecast, 1991, 5 photographs, gelatin silver print on paper and 15 engraved plaques© Lorna Simpson, courtesy Salon 94, New York
"Among the photographs she selected were daguerreotypes commissioned in 1850 by Swiss naturalist Louis Agassiz, who traveled through the American South with a photographer, making portraits of slaves. Agassiz intended to use these portraits as visual evidence to support his theories of the racial inferiority of Africans, and to prepare a taxonomy of physical types in the slave population." MoMA
Carrie Mae Weems | American b. 1953
Carrie Mae Weems, Dad and Me, c. 1990
Carrie Mae Weems, From Here I Saw What Happened and I Cried, 1995
Carrie Mae Weems, "The Kitchen Table Series" 2011, Art21
The Future of Art According to Carrie Mae Weems, 2018 Artsy
more on Carrie Mae Weems
Zoe Lescaze, Eight Artist's on the Influence of Carrie Mae Weems, New York Times, 2018
Fred Wilson | American b. 1954
Fred Wilson, Cabinetmaking, 1820-1860, from Mining the Museum Exhibition, Maryland Historical Society, 1992
Fred Wilson, Beauty & Ugliness, 2014 Art21
Whitney Stories: Fred Wilson, 2013
Kerry James Marshall | American b. 1955
Kerry James Marshall, Many Mansions, acrylic on paper mounted on canvas, 114" x 135" 1994
Holland Cotter, Kerry James Marshall's Paintings Show What It Means to Be Black in America, New York Times, 2016
Kerry James Marshall, Process, 2017 MoCA
Kara Walker | American b. 1969
Kara Walker, Gone, An Historical Romance of a Civil War as it Occurred between the Dusky Thighs of One Young Negress and Her Heart, 1994, cut paper on wall, 156 x 600 in., 1994, Orcutt Photo, Courtesy Kara Walker & Sikkema Jenkins & Co., New York, © Kara Walker
Kara Walker, The Keys to the Coop, 1997 (The year she wins The MacArthur Award)
Kara Walker: Starting Out, 2014 Art21
Deconstructivist Architecture
Deconstructivist Architecture
Art Term: Deconstructivist Architecture
Frank Gehry, Canadian-American b. 1929
Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Spain, 1993-97
Zaha Hadid | British Iraqi 1950-2016
Zaha Hadid, MAXXI National Museum of XXI Century Arts, Rome, 1998-2009
Zaha Hadid, MAXXI National Museum of XXI Century Arts, Rome, 1998-2009 SmartHistory
Queer Theory, Intersectional Identities
Queer Theory, Intersectional Identities
"These explorations highlight the perspectives of a post-Civil Rights movement generation, a generation fighting for visibility, without oversimplifying what it means to embrace one’s culture while remaining at odds with tradition." Rachel Morillo, HyperAllergic, April 6, 2021
Laura Aguilar, American Chicanx, 1959-2018
Laura Aguilar, Stillness #25, 1999, gelatin silver print, 9 x 12 inches © Laura Aguilar
Laura Aguilar
Laura Aguilar, Center 78, 2001 Courtesy the UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center © Laura Aguilar
Political Pop in China
Political Pop in China
Art Term: Political Pop
Wang Guangyi | Chinese b. 1957
Wang Guangyi, Kodak, Great Criticism Series, 1990
Clip: Andy Warhol: Made in China, 1982
Andy Warhol, Green Coca Cola Bottles, 1962
Yu Youhan | Chinese b. 1953
Zhang Xiaogang | Chinese, b. 1958
Zhang Xiaogang, A Big Family, 1995
Zhang Xiaogang, Artists Project, The Metropolitan
Japanese Commercial Art
Japanese Commercial Art
Takashi Murakami | Japanese b. 1962
Takashi Murakami, 727, acrylic on canvas mounted on board, 1996
Behind the Hype: Murakami's Flowers, 2020 Hypebeast
Video Art
Video Art
The Case for Video Art, The Art Assignment, 2019
Nam June Paik
b. South Korea 1932 d. Florida 2006
b. South Korea 1932 d. Florida 2006
Tina Rivers Ryan, Nam June Paik, Electronic Superhighway: Continental U.S., Alaska, Hawaii, Smarthistory, 2019
Dan Finn, Steve Zucker, Preserving Nam June Paik's Electronic Superhighway, Smarthistory/SAAM, 2019
Saisha Grayson, Nam June Paik's "Electronic Superhighway", SAAM, August 2021
Bill Viola | American b. 1951
Bill Viola, Still from The Greeting, 1995
Bill Viola, The Crossing, 1996
Bill Viola, Clip from The Crossing, 1996
more on Bill Viola
Bill Viola, Clip of The Greeting, 1995 (27 seconds)
Bill Viola, The Messenger, 1995
Pipilotti Rist | Swedish b. 1962
Pipilotti Rist, Ever is Over All, 1997
Pipilotti Rist, Ever is Over All, 1997 Louisiana Channel
Pipilotti Rist, Interview: Positive Exorcism, 1986 Louisiana Channel
more on Pipillotti Rist
Rist influence on Beyonce Knowles, Hold Up, Lemonade, 2016
YBA (Young British Artists) Movement
YBA (Young British Artists) Movement
Rose Aidin, The YBAs: The London-based Young British Artists, in Smarthistory, September 7, 2018
Rachel Whiteread | British b. 1963
Rachel Whiteread
Untitled (House), North London, 1993
Untitled (House), North London, 1993
Rachel Whiteread, Tate Exhibition, 2017
PROCESS: How to Cast Like Rachel Whiteread, 2018 Tate
Sarah Lucas | British b. 1962
Sarah Lucas, Portrait with Fried Eggs, digital print, 1996
Sarah Lucas, British Pavilion, Venice Biennale, 2015
Tracey Emin | British b. 1963
Tracey Emin, My Bed, 1998
Tracey Emin, on My Bed, 2015 TateShots
Jenny Saville b. British 1970
Jenny Saville, Fulcrum, oil on canvas, 1999
Katy Hessel, Jenny Saville, Great Women Artist's Podcast, March 2025
Yinka Shonibare OBE RA | British Nigerian b. 1962
Yinka Shonibare CBE, The Swing (after Fragonard), 2001
Yinka Shonibare,, "Transformatin", 2009 Art21
Yinka Shonibare, The Rebel Within, 2016 TateShots
Seminal Event: Sensation Exhibition, Brooklyn Museum, NY 1999-2000
PRESS RELEASE: Sensation Exhibition, April 1999
benner photo: Zaha Hadid, Vitra Fire Station, 1993, (photo: vitra)