1970s

Context: Social, Political, Cultural, Economic

Courtney Fiske, "Alternative art spaces in New York City," in Smarthistory, October 26, 2020
David Bowie, Life on Mars, from Hunky Dory, 1971
Lou Reed, Take a Walk on the Wild Side, from Transformer, 1972
Steely Dan, Peg, Aja, Nov. 1977

Land Art, Environmental Art

Art Terms
Environmental Art
Land Art
Site Specific

What is Land Art? HeniTalks
The Case for Land Art, The Art Assignment
Spiral Jetty, Sun Tunnels, Salt, Utah  The Art Assignment
Richard Long British b. 1945
Richard Long, A Line Made by Walking, 1967
Stones and Flies: Richard Long in the Sahara Trailer, 2019 FULL FILM
Robert Smithson American 1938-73 
Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty, Rozel Point Peninsula, Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1970
Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty, 1972
Nancy Holt  American 1938-2004
Nancy Holt, Sun Tunnels, Great Basin Desert, Utah, 1973-76

more on Nancy Holt

Williams, Alena J., and Pamela M. Lee, Nancy Holt: Sightlines, University of California Press, 2015

Walter de Maria  American 1935-2013
Walter de Maria, The Broken Kilometer, 1975
Walter de Maria, Earth Room, NYC 1977
Walter de Maria, Lightening Field, New Mexico, 1977
Dr. Kuykendell, The Lightening Field, in Smarthistory, 2016
Charles Simonds American b. 1945
Charles Simonds. Dwelling, 1975, Rue des Cascades, Paris. 
(Stephanie Weber, Charles Simonds's Absence, 2013 Bomb Magazine)
Dwellings, 1974, The Art of Charles Simonds, The Met 
Ann Reynolds, Dwelling as a World, Landscape Body Dwelling, 2011

"Negation, as manifested in anti-monuments such as Oldenburg’s Placid Civic Monument or in Smithson’s conception of “ruins in reverse,” was just one approach to the dematerialization that contributed to the object’s relinquishment of a hard and fast materiality." Ann Reynolds, Dwelling as a World, the Art of  Charles Simonds, 2011

Christo American b. Bulgaria 1935-2020 Jeanne Claude American b. Morocco 1935-2009
Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Running Fence, Sonoma, CA, 1972-76 
Christo + Jeanne Claude, Wrapped Coast, One Million Square Feet, Little Bay, Sydney, Australia, 1968-69
Christo and Jeanne Claude, Floating Piers, Lake Iseo, Italy, 2014-16

Mexican-American Liberation Art | Chicano Graphics

Malaquias Montoya  b. Albuquerque 1938
Malaquías Montoya, Vote Register, c. 1971, screenprint, 54 x 34.3 cm
Leonard Castellanos, Guerra, from Méchicano 1977 Calendario, 1977, screenprint on paper, sheet and image: 22 x 28 in.
Harry Gamboa Jr., À La Mode, 1976, from the Asco era, performers (l-r): Glugio Gronk Nicandro, Patssi Valdez, Harry Gamboa Jr.

Performance Art

Art Term: Performance Art

Dr. Virginia B. Spivey, "Performance Art: An Introduction," in Smarthistory, August 9, 2015
Can My Body Be Art? TateShots
Joan Jonas b. New York 1936
Joan Jonas: New York Performances | Art21 "Extended Play"
Niki de Saint Phalle
b. France 1930
d. California 2002
Niki de Saint Phalle, Jean Tinguely and Per Olof Ultvedt, Hon, 1966
Niki de Saint Phalle, Tarot Garden, Garavicchio, Italy, late 1970s
Installation Views, Niki de Saint Phalle: Structures for Life, MoMa PS1, 2021

more on Niki de Saint Phalle

Second Wave Feminist Art

Art Terms
Feminist Art
Body Art
Seminal Publication: Linda Nochlin, Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?, 1971 ARTNews

Martha Rosler  American b. 1943
Martha Rosler Cleaning the Drapes,” a photomontage House Beautiful: Bringing the War Home series, 1967–72
Martha Rosler, Semiotics of the Kitchen, (still image) 1975
Martha Rosler, Semiotics of the Kitchen, 1975
Marina Abramovic b. Yugoslavia 1946
Marina Abramovic, Rhythm 0, 1974
Marina Abramovic, Rhythm 0, Performance, 6 hours, Studio Morra, Naples, 1974
Abramovic and Ulay, Rest Energy, 1980 (Trigger Warning: anxiety producing)

more on Marina Abromovic

Marina Abramovic, The Artist is Present, 2010
Marina Abramovic on The Artist is Present, 2010

Judy Chicago American b. 1939
Judy Chicago, The Dinner Party, ceramic and textiles, 1974-79 (Brooklyn Museum of Art)
Judy Chicago, Virginia Woolf, Place Setting, The Dinner Party, 1974-76
Carolee Schneemannb. Pennsylvania 1939d. New York 2019
Carolee Schneemann, Interior Scroll, 1975

Catalysis is the acceleration of a chemical reaction by a catalyst.

Adrian Piper, b. 1948 New York 
Adrian Piper, ​Catalysis IV, ​1970-1971ARTICLE: Donald Kuspit, Adrian Piper, Self Healing Through Meta Art, Art Criticism, 3/3, 1979. Reprinted in WhiteHot Magazine. 
Adrian Piper, ​Catalysis IV, ​1970-1971
Adrian Piper, Mythic Being: I Embody Everything You Most Hate and Fear, 1975
Ana Mendieta American b. Cuba 1948-85
Ana Mendieta, Untitled, Silhueta Series, 1978
How Ana Mendieta's Artwork Reestablishes a Connection with the Earth, MoMA, 2023

If not naturally fearless,” Mendieta “used fear well, transmuting a profound sense of psychological and cultural displacement into an experience of merging with the natural world and its history through art.” Holland Cotter, New York Times, 2004

Taller Boricua, located in in El Barrio/East Harlem, New York, is a multidisciplinary cultural space founded in 1969 by Puerto Rican artists to promote the arts and culture of the Puerto Rican community.

Nitza Tufiño b.1949) Mexico City
Nitza Tufiño, Pareja taino (Taino Couple), 1972, acrylic, charcoal, polyurethane on Masonite, 123.8 × 122.5 cm. Courtesy: El Museo del Barrio, New York
Nitza Tufiño, Pareja Taína, Smarthistory, Feb. 2025


Hannah Wilke
b. New York 1940
d. Houston 1993
Hannah Wilke, Beware of Fascist Feminism, 1977
Hannah Wilke, S.O.S. Starification Object Series, 1974-82

A familiar item in many women's wardrobes, stockings recall both the physical presence of the female body and its wider cultural implications. The artist alters such inexpensive everyday materials, which in the case of pantyhose carry simultaneous notions of constriction and beauty, to question accepted understandings of the body. Connie H. Choi, Hammer Museum

Senga Nengudi  American b. 1943
Senga Nengudi, Performance Piece, 1978
Senga Nengudi, R.S.V.P. I   2003. Pantyhose and sand, 10 pieces
Senga Nengudi, MoCA

Seminal Event

"Two Centuries of Black American Art," March 30-May 15, 1977, held at the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts
David C. Driskell in 1977. Tyrone Dukes/The New York Times

“We don’t go around saying ‘white art'...but I think it’s very important for us to keep saying ‘black art’ until it becomes recognized as American art.” David Driskell, The New York Times, 1977.

What is Postmodernism? 

Art Term:
Postmodernism
Pluralism

"In 1979, Iranian students stormed the US embassy in Tehran. America went blazing in with helicopters to get the hostages out. But it backfired majorly. A helicopter and a plane crashed in the desert. We were left with dead bodies, a pile of burning debris and the hostages nowhere to be seen. So I thought I’d write a song about all that and the failure of technology." Laurie Anderson, The Guardian, 2016

Laurie Anderson  American b. 1947
Laurie Anderson, O Superman, 1979
Jack Whitten American 1939-2018
Jack Whitten, Prime Mover, 1974, acrylic on canvas, 54"x75"
Jack Whitten, Black Monolith 1, A Tribute to James Baldwin, 1988, acrylic on canvas
Uncovering Jack Whitten's Mysterious Abstractions, MoMA, 2025

more on Jack Whitten

Art21 Jack Whitten, 2018

Directions: Deconstruction | Neo Expressionism

Art Terms
Deconstruction
"Bad Painting"
Neo Expressionism

Scott Horton, Philosophers Rumble Over Van Gogh’s Shoes, Harper's Magazine, October 5, 2009
Anselm Kiefer, German b. 1945 
Anselm Kiefer, Everyone Stands Under His Own Dome of Heaven, 1970
Anselm Kiefer, The Unknown Masterpiece, 1982
Ian Alteveer Essay on Kiefer, The Heilbrunn Timeline

more on Anselm Kiefer

Kiefer's studio at Barjac, near Nimes, France
Scholarship on Kiefer's seminal work: Heroic Symbols, 1969

Richard Tuttle b. New Jersey 1941 
Richard Tuttle, 44th Wire Piece, 1972
art21: Staying Contemporary, Richard Tuttle
Philip Guston, b. Canada 1913 d. New York 1980
Philip Guston, Monument, 1976

more on Philip Guston

Philip Guston's Line, HyperAllergic, 2013

Neil Jenney, b. 1945  lives in New York City
Neil Jenney, Implements and Entrenchments, 1969
Neil Jenney, Threat and Sanctuary, 1969
Neil Jenney on Media and Man: Frieze LA 2020 Online Viewing Room | Gagosian, 2020
Joan Brown, b. California 1938  d. India 1990
Joan Brown, After Alactraz Swim #3, 1976 enamel on canvas
Susan Rothenberg, b. New York 1945
d. New Mexico 2020
Susan Rothenberg, Axes, 1976
Rothenberg, Emotions, 2010 Art21
Tony Cragg, British b. 1949
Tony Cragg, New Stones, plastic found objects, 1977
Frank Gehry, Canadian-American b. 1929 
Frank Gehry, Gehry House, Santa Monica, CA, 1978

The "Pictures" Generation

Art Term
The "Pictures" Generation
Dr. Jordana Moore Saggese, "The Pictures Generation," in Smarthistory, September 7, 2018

Jeff Wall
b. Vancouver, Canada 1946
Jeff Wall, The Destroyed Room, transparency on lightbox, Cinematographic photograph, 1978. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa. Purchased 1988 © The artist
Cindy Sherman  American b. 1954
Cindy Sherman, Untitled Film Still #35, 1979
Untitled Film Stills. 1977–80 | SEEING THROUGH PHOTOGRAPHS, MoMA, 2019
Cindy Sherman, Untitled #216, 1989

more on Cindy Sherman

Hal Foster, Under the Gaze: The Art of Cindy Sherman HeniTalks, 2019

Sherrie Levine
American b. 1947
Sherrie Levine, After Walker Evans: 4, gelatin silver print, 5"x4" 1981
The Art Assignment, The Case for Copying, in Smarthistory, September 7, 2018
Walker Evans, Alabama Tenant Farmer Wife, gelatin silver print, 8" x 6", 1936
Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty, 1970 (photo: dia)